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Albendazole is an anthelmintic or anti-worm medication. It prevents newly hatched insect larvae (worms) from growing or multiplying in your body. Albendazole is used as a drug indicated for the treatment of a variety of worm infestations. It is a broad spectrum anthelmintic, effective against roundworms, tapeworms, Flatworms, Ascariasis, Hookworm, and flukes of humans.
It has been demonstrated by recent studies that Albendazole Tablet shows better symptoms relief compared with the modest improvement of worm infestations like Flatworms, Flukes, Tapeworm, Cysticercosis, Ascariasis, Hookworm.

Indications and Usage:
Albendazole Tablet is licensed for use in children and it is available in specific paediatric formulations (oral liquids) in EU. It is recommended that children under 12 years of age should be given Albendazole Tablet
It is effective against:
● Flatworms
● Flukes/trematodes
● Fasciolosis
● Tapeworm/cestodes
● Cysticercosis
● Echinococcosis
● Nematodes
● Enterobiasis (pinworm infection)
● Trichuriasis (whipworm infection)
● Ascariasis
● Hookworm
● Cutaneous larva migrans (caused by Ancylostoma)
● Filariasis

Pharmacology:

Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Albendazole is poorly absorbed from the GI tract; however, it is rapidly converted to its primary active metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide, prior to reaching systemic circulation. Fatty meals enhance bioavailability, as indicated by up to a 5-fold increase in plasma concentration in albendazole sulfoxide. Albendazole sulfoxide plasma concentrations are dose dependent. C max is achieved in 2 to 5 h and ranges from 0.46 to 1.58 mcg/mL, with a fatty meal.
Distribution: Albendazole sulfoxide is 70% protein bound and widely distributed throughout the body. Metabolism After metabolism in the liver to albendazole sulfoxide, it is further metabolized to albendazole sulfone and other oxidative metabolites.
Elimination: Albendazole sulfoxide elimination is 8 to 12 h. Biliary elimination of albendazole sulfoxide results in biliary concentrations similar to plasma concentration. Urinary excretion is a minor elimination pathway (less than 1%).

Mode of Action:
From mode of action we come to know that how albendazole work in our body so we know that it cause degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the colchicine-sensitive site of tubulin, thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules. The loss of the cytoplasmic microtubules leads to impaired uptake of glucose by the larval and adult stages of the susceptible parasites, and depletes their glycogen stores. Degenerative changes in the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria of the germinal layer, and the subsequent release of lysosomes result in decreased production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy required for the survival of the helminth. Due to diminished energy production, the parasite is immobilized and eventually dies.

Drug Interactions:
BEFORE TAKING THIS MEDICINE TELL THE DOCTOR ABOUT ANY MEDICAL PROBLEMS AND ALLERGIES THAT A CHILD HAS OR HAD.
Cimetidine In hydatid cyst patients, albendazole sulfoxide concentrations in bile and cystic fluid may be increased about 2-fold; however, plasma levels are unchanged 4 h after dosing.Dexamethasone Albendazole C trough at steady state was about 56% higher when coadministered with dexamethasone 8 mg. Praziquantel Albendazole sulfoxide C max may be elevated about 50%, increasing the risk of adverse reactions. Theophylline Although theophylline pharmacokinetics are unchanged by albendazole, monitor plasma concentrations during and after albendazole treatment.

Contraindications:
Caution in Pregnancy and Lactation.

Adverse Effects:
The most commonly reported adverse effects are:
● Fever
● Sore throat
● Headache

Conclusion:
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that this Albendazole tablet could improve the quality of life of children with Flatworms, Flukes/trematode, Tapeworm/cestodes, Cysticercosis, Echinococcosis, Nematodes, Enterobiasis (pinworm infection), Ascariasis, Hookworm, Cutaneous larva migrans (caused by Ancylostoma), Filariasis.
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